ECONOMICS

The Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) announced today a contract with IBM to bring world-leading supercomputing systems to its Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to help continue to ensure the safety and reliability of the nation's aging nuclear deterrent.
 
"The longstanding partnership of NNSA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and IBM is ushering in an era of multi-petaFLOP computing," said NNSA Administrator Thomas D'Agostino.  "These powerful machines will provide NNSA with the capabilities needed to resolve time-urgent and complex scientific problems, ensuring the viability of the nation's nuclear deterrent into the future.  This endeavor will also help maintain U.S. leadership in high performance computing and promote scientific discovery."
 
IBM will deliver two systems: Sequoia, a 20 petaFLOP/s (quadrillion floating operations per second) system based on future BlueGene technology, to be delivered starting in 2011 and deployed in 2012; and an initial delivery system called Dawn, a 500 teraFLOP/s (trillion floating operations per second) BlueGene/P system, scheduled for delivery in the first quarter of 2009. Dawn will lay the applications foundation for multi-petaFLOP/s computing on Sequoia.
 
With a speed of 20 petaFLOP/s Sequoia is expected to be the most powerful supercomputer in the world and will be approximately over 10  times faster than today's most powerful system.  To put this into perspective, if each of the 6.7 billion people on earth had a hand calculator and worked together on a calculation 24 hours per day, 365 days a year, it would take 320 years to do what Sequoia will do in one hour.
 
Sequoia and Dawn will serve NNSA's tri-lab Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program, which unites the scientific computing resources and expertise of Los Alamos, Sandia and Lawrence Livermore national laboratories. The Sequoia systems will be focused on strengthening the foundations of predictive simulation through running very large suites of complex simulations called uncertainty quantification (UQ) studies. In addition, the machines will be used for weapons' science calculations necessary to build more accurate physical models. This work is a cornerstone of NNSA's Stockpile Stewardship program to ensure the safety, security and reliability of the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile today and into the future without underground testing.
 
Sequoia will have 1.6 petabytes of memory; 96 racks; 98,304 compute nodes; and 1.6 million cores. Though orders of magnitude more powerful than such predecessor systems as ASC Purple and BlueGene/L, Sequoia will be more 160 times more power efficient than Purple and 17 times more than BG/L.