NETWORKS

Funded by the Army Research Lab, new center is dedicated to the emerging discipline of network science and will investigate how technology impacts social interaction

Our social networks are staple sources of information, advice, and ideas. Add technology to the mix – Twitter, Facebook, cell phones – and the power of social networks balloons to a global scale. Harnessing that power is the work of the new Social Cognitive Networks Academic Research Center (SCNARC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

"Rensselaer offers a unique research environment to lead this important new network science center," said Rensselaer President Shirley Ann Jackson. "We have assembled an outstanding team of researchers, and built powerful new research platforms. The team will work with one of the largest academic supercomputing centers in the world - the Rensselaer Computational Center for Nanotechnology Innovations - and the leading visualization and simulation capabilities within our new Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center. The Center for Social and Cognitive Networks will bring together our world-class scientists in the areas of computer science, cognitive science, physics, Web science, and mathematics in an unprecedented collaboration to investigate all aspects of the ever-changing and global social climate of today."

Joining Jackson to launch the new center today were U.S. Representative Paul D. Tonko and U.S. Army Brigadier General Harold J. Greene - who graduated from Rensselaer in 1980. A scientific session followed opening remarks, with presentations by professors and thought leaders Albert-Làslò Barabàsi of Northeastern University, Alex Paul Pentland of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Alessandro Vespignani of Indiana University, and Center Director and Rensselaer Professor Boleslaw Szymanski.

The new center, funded by a $16.75 million five-year grant from the Army Research Laboratory, will join researchers from a broad spectrum of fields – including sociology, physics, computer science, engineering, and medicine –in exploring social cognitive networks. The center will study the fundamentals of network structures and how those structures have been altered by technology. The goal will be a deeper understanding of social cognitive networks and a firm scientific basis for this newly arising field of network science.

"Social networks involve people who interact for various reasons - mentoring, friendships, rivalries," said Szymanski, the Claire and Roland Schmitt Distinguished Professor at Rensselaer. "In the past, social networks were limited by the distance of possible interactions. Thus, they were limited in size and there was no easy way in which a network could become huge and fast. Technology - cell phones, Facebook, LinkedIn - makes it much easier to be involved in the lives of many people who could be very distant from each other. This brings new opportunities and new dangers to society."

The center will look at five aspects of social cognitive networks, each of which could lead to improvements in how we form ties, gather information, and make decisions:

• Dynamic processes: The center will develop mathematical formulas and models for analyzing the effects of social cognitive networks, measuring how interactions influence people performing a task.

  "Within every organization, we have relationships between people who work together – mentors, friends, rivals," Szymanski said. "Can we put some measure on, for example, the impact of mentoring on productivity? Are people with a larger workplace or a larger social network better at accomplishing their tasks?"

• Organizational networks: Researchers will study how information moves in a network. All organizations have a hierarchy, but the movement of information doesn't always match the established hierarchy.

  "If, as an experiment, you look at records - Web contacts, cell phone calls - within a large network, you would see enormous numbers of people interacting. But most interactions are fleeting. Interactions within a social network are different because they form the repeat patterns," Szymanski said. "Can we get a snapshot of those interactions and trace some of these connections and look at how people use technology?"

• Weaving game theory, computer science, and other academic disciplines leads to better understanding of and ways to counter the harmful use of adversarial networks within social networks.
• Trust within social networks: The challenge of building trust among a group of individuals with diverse and opposing perspectives, the fourth aspect, is also important.

  "Often trust arises fastest among people who think similarly. But how can we build trust among people with diverse viewpoints?" Szymanski said. "Often, when thinking includes more viewpoints – the solution is better."

• The impact of human cognition on social networks: In today's networked society, a decision maker will always have more data to consider than time in which to consider it. The new center will develop models to analyze how human cognitive limitations influence judgment.

"I want to congratulate the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the Army Research Laboratory and the other partners from academia and private industry for collaborating on this one-of-a-kind venture," said U.S. Representative Paul D. Tonko. "The Social Cognitive Network Academic Research Center represents the cutting edge of creative thinking and research in a brand new arena which has the potential to initiate important future discoveries in this field."

"The growth of RPI is a great success story, not only for Troy, but for all of upstate New York. I'm extremely proud of this internationally recognized institution and the outstanding work they do," said New York State Senator Roy J. McDonald.

"It should be of little surprise to anyone who knows of the accomplishments and research capabilities of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute that they would be called upon to partner in such groundbreaking research. I want to congratulate Rensselaer and its scientists on receiving this grant and wish you great success as with all of the research you are undertaking," said Rensselaer County Executive Kathleen M. Jimino.

"The SCNARC will not only pioneer understanding into the field of network sciences but is a major addition to the region's research and higher education communities," said Troy Mayor Harry Tutunjian. "Research, technology, and businesses in high-tech fields like this are the future of the Capital Region. Congratulations to RPI for receiving this prestigious grant and program."

Rensselaer is the primary member and the leader of a center with four partners around the country. The Institute is joined by corporate and academic partners from IBM Corp., Northeastern University, and the City University of New York, and collaborators from Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, New York University, Northwestern University, the University of Notre Dame, the University of Maryland, and Indiana University.