NIST is identifying the needs of emergency personnel and surveying the available modeling and simulation tools. It also proposes simplifying language in emergency response software to enable emergency personnel, at every level, to use the tools. In addition, NIST advocates industry-government efforts to develop interoperability standards for all modeling, simulation and visualization tools. Finally, NIST supports creation of an electronic "Emergency Response Framework" for such standardized programs. The framework would present state, local and national level decision-makers with a comprehensive menu of easily accessible modeling and simulation programs for understanding the extent of various threats, for training on mitigating damage to life and property and for coordinating emergency responses to actual events. NIST is currently working with other government researchers, industry software experts and emergency response leaders on a roadmap and development plan for the framework.